Mitochondrial

MOTS-c.

An unusual peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA — studied as a metabolic regulator, mostly in animals so far.

MitochondrialInvestigationalSourced profile
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● Investigational — not approved for human use

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide (encoded in mitochondrial DNA rather than the cell nucleus). It's experimental, with no approved human use.

How it works

It acts as a metabolic regulator — research suggests it enhances fat use, improves glucose handling, and increases insulin sensitivity, partly by influencing energy-sensing pathways like AMPK.

The evidence

The strongest data is metabolic and preclinical — for example, marked improvements in insulin sensitivity in animal models. Human clinical evidence is still limited, so its real-world effects are unproven.

Safety

As a largely preclinical compound, its human safety profile is not established. “Promising in mice” is where it sits — interesting biology, unproven and unregulated in people.

FAQ

QWhat makes it unusual?

It's encoded by mitochondrial DNA, not nuclear DNA — a “mitochondrial-derived peptide,” a relatively new concept.

QIs it proven in humans?

No — most evidence is preclinical/metabolic; human data is limited.

Sources

This profile summarizes the following. Follow the links to read the originals — and remember that summaries age, so check for newer information.

Inclusion here is not endorsement of any source's claims; several are cited so you can compare how different outlets characterize the same evidence.

Questions & comments

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